Contextual Reference

Contextual Reference

This lesson will show you how to:

·      Recognize and identify different types of

contextual reference

·      Read and connect the contextual reference to

the word that it refers to

·      Being able to recognize and identify contextual references

will help you understand the passage you are reading.

·      You must pay attention to reference words when they occur in

the text you are reading

·      You can find the meaning of references by

searching the text and using your common  sense and knowledge of the text.

Read the passage and identify what each underlined word refers

A computer, like any other machine, is used because it does certain jobs better

and more efficiently than humans. It can receive more information and process it

faster than any human.  The speed at which a computer works means it can

replace weeks or even months of pencil-and-paper work. Therefore, computers

are used when the time saved offsets their cost, which is one of the many

reasons they  are used so much in business industry, and  research .                         

Reading Comprehension Strategy : Making Inferences :

Reading Comprehension Strategy:
Making Inferences :

1.   WHAT ARE INFERENCE ??????

žInferences are often referred to as what you “read between the lines.”

žThe meaning is really found “between your ears.”

žInferences are what the author implies or suggests.

2. What Happens When You Read?

While you read, your inside voice:

a.   Makes guesses

b.   Finds connecting points

c.   Asks questions

d.   Makes predictions

e.   Personalizes the reading

f.    Uses background knowledge to interpret 

3. What if we don’t know how to make inferences?????

•        Tom: Are you free tonight?

•        Mary: yes.

•        Tom: I’ve two tickets for the concert.

•        Mary: I see.

•        Tom: So…

•        Mary: What?

•        Tom: Do you like to go with me?

•        Mary: Oh! Sounds good

(SO LETS SEE THE DECODING INFERENCES)

•        “Are you free tonight”= want to ask her to do something.

•        “I’ve two tickets”= want to take her out to the cinema.

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives and Adverbs

Comparative and Superlative
Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjectives and adverbs are words the modify other words. The comparative form of an adjective or adverb compares two things. The superlative form of an adjective or adverb compares three of more things.

RULE 1

To make comparative and superlative forms of adjectives some rules must be followed:

To form the comparative or superlative of one syllable words with more than one vowel OR ending  with more than one consonant at the  add -er OR -est.

tall	taller	tallest
neat	neater	neatest
deep	deeper	deepest

RULE 2

To form the comparative or superlative of a one syllable word ending  in e add -r OR -st.

wide	wider	widest
fine	finer	finest
cute	cuter	cutest

RULE 3

To form the comparative or superlative of a one syllable word with one vowel and one consonant at the end double the consonant, and add -er OR -est.

sad	sadder	saddest
big	bigger	biggest
fat	fatter	fattest

Continued…………

Like adjectives some adverbs can take comparative and superlative forms, with -er and -est:   

·         Sally works hard.

·         Steve works harder than Sally

·         Kathy and Sue work the hardest of all

/

·         The bird sings loudly.

·         The moose sang louder than the bird.

·         Pete sang the loudest of them all.

               

CoNcLuSiOn

The Conclusion

Ø Making Your Last Paragraph Count

Ø The conclusion is the last paragraph in your essay.  A conclusion completes the essay and reemphasizes your thesis statement or main ideas.  Look at the example thesis statement and conclusion below.

Ø     Some ways to enhance a conclusion are to

include a :-

a)         Prediction

b)         Recommendation

c)         Quotation